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Online ISSN : 2349-8080 Issues : 12 per year Publisher : Excellent Publishers Email : editorinchiefijcrbp@gmail.com |
This study investigates the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Mangifera indica and Blighia sapida leaf extracts on Allium cepa roots, focusing on root length, root number, mitotic index (MI), and phase index. The study aims to evaluate the potential of these plant extracts to inhibit root growth and disrupt cellular division processes. Allium cepa roots were treated with various concentrations of the extracts (5%, 10%, 15%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%), and the resulting changes in root length, number, and mitotic activity were recorded. A concentration-dependent decrease in root length and number was observed, indicating significant growth inhibition and cytotoxicity at higher extract concentrations. The mitotic index and phase index also decreased with increasing concentrations of the extracts (72%-19% Mangifera indica, 72%-20% Blighia sapida), suggesting that the extracts hinder cell division by interfering with the mitotic spindle and causing cell cycle arrest. Chromosomal aberrations, including anaphase bridges and sticky chromosomes, were noted, reflecting the genotoxic potential of the phytochemicals present in the extracts. The study identified key bioactive compounds such as quercetin, mangiferin, and scopoletin, which are known to disrupt microtubule dynamics, inhibit cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive toxicity testing in evaluating the safety and efficacy of plant extracts for medicinal or agricultural applications. The significant cytotoxic and genotoxic effects observed in this study highlight the potential risks associated with the use of Mangifera indica and Blighia sapida extracts, emphasizing the need for careful consideration in their application. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on the biological impacts of plant extracts, providing valuable insights into their mechanisms of action at the cellular level.
